fh_pmm archives the Freedom House data included in D. Pemstein, S. A. Meserve, and J. Melton. Replication Data for: Democratic Compromise: A Latent Variable Analysis of Ten Measures of Regime Type. 2013. DOI: 10.7910/DVN/WWYOHU.,
while fh archives the 2025 edition of the Freedom
in the World data (updated to 2024). For the latest version of the Freedom House data, always
use download_fh.
Format
An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 6438 rows and 7 columns.
An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 9965 rows and 11 columns.
Source
D. Pemstein, S. A. Meserve, and J. Melton. Replication Data for: Democratic Compromise: A Latent Variable Analysis of Ten Measures of Regime Type. 2013. DOI: 10.7910/DVN/WWYOHU.
F. House. Freedom in the World 2025: The Uphill Battle to Safeguard Rights. Tech. rep. Freedom House, Feb. 2025.
Details
The Freedom House dataset released in 2025 is different from the archived PMM data for 49 country years:
fh |>
dplyr::inner_join(fh_pmm) |>
dplyr::select(extended_country_name, year, fh_total_reversed, pmm_freedomhouse) |>
dplyr::mutate(fh_total_reversed = (fh_total_reversed/2)+ 1) |>
dplyr::filter(fh_total_reversed != pmm_freedomhouse) |>
print(n = 50)
#> Joining with `by = join_by(year, extended_country_name, GWn, cown,
#> in_GW_system)`
#> # A tibble: 49 x 4
#> extended_country_name year fh_total_reversed pmm_freedomhouse
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Antigua & Barbuda 1982 6 5.5
#> 2 Argentina 1982 2.5 5
#> 3 Bahamas 1982 6.5 6
#> 4 Bangladesh 1982 3 2.5
#> 5 Bolivia 1982 2.5 5.5
#> 6 Brazil 1982 4.5 5
#> 7 Burundi 1982 1.5 2
#> 8 Comoros 1982 3.5 4
#> 9 Congo 1993 5 4
#> 10 Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zair~ 1977 2 1.5
#> 11 Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zair~ 1978 2 1.5
#> 12 Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zair~ 1982 2 1.5
#> 13 Cote D'Ivoire 1980 3 2.5
#> 14 Cote D'Ivoire 1999 2.5 3
#> 15 Swaziland 1978 3 2.5
#> 16 Grenada 1982 2.5 2
#> 17 Guinea-Bissau 1982 2 1.5
#> 18 Guyana 1982 3.5 3
#> 19 Honduras 1982 5.5 5
#> 20 India 1976 4 4.5
#> 21 Kiribati 1982 6 6.5
#> 22 Liberia 1982 2 3
#> 23 Liberia 2001 2 2.5
#> 24 Malta 1982 5.5 5
#> 25 Mauritius 1982 5.5 6
#> 26 Mozambique 1982 1 1.5
#> 27 Myanmar (Burma) 1982 1.5 1
#> 28 Panama 1982 3 3.5
#> 29 Peru 2000 4.5 5
#> 30 Philippines 1982 3.5 3
#> 31 Poland 1982 2 2.5
#> 32 Portugal 1982 6 6.5
#> 33 Sao Tome and Principe 1982 2 1
#> 34 Saudi Arabia 1982 2 1.5
#> 35 Korea, Republic of 1982 3 2.5
#> 36 Spain 1982 5.5 6.5
#> 37 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 1982 5.5 4.5
#> 38 Surinam 1982 2 1.5
#> 39 Surinam 1990 3 4.5
#> 40 Syria 1982 2 1.5
#> 41 Taiwan 1978 3 3.5
#> 42 Taiwan 1980 3 2.5
#> 43 Taiwan 1991 5 3
#> 44 Tajikistan 1991 3 5
#> 45 Turkey (Ottoman Empire) 1982 3 3.5
#> 46 Uganda 1982 3 3.5
#> 47 Uruguay 1982 3 3.5
#> 48 Vanuatu 1982 6 5
#> 49 Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) 1982 4 3.5Many, but not all of these cases seem to be concentrated around the problematic year of 1982.
Variables
- pmm_country
The original country name in the PMM replication data.
- year
The calendar year. This is approximate. The surveys cover specific periods in the original data that do not always overlap with a single year. In particular, the year 1981 is "skipped" – a single survey covers Jan.1981 - Aug. 1982 and its value is assigned to 1982 here.
- pmm_freedomhouse
A reversed measure of political rights and civil liberties, from 1 to 7, with higher values being more democratic (the opposite of the actual FH data).
- fh_total_reversed
A reversed measure of political rights and civil liberties, from 0 to 12, with higher values being more democratic (the opposite of the actual FH data). To convert to the same scale as
pmm_freedomhouse, divide by two and add 1, or averageprandcland then reverse.- pr
The political rights scores (from 1 to 7) in the archived Freedom House data (
fh).- cl
The civil rights scores (from 1 to 7) in the archived Freedom House data (
fh).- status
The status of the country in the archived Freedom House data (Free, Partly Free, Not Free).
- fh_total
The sum of the political rights and civil liberties scores. Ranges from 2 to 14.
Standard descriptive variables (generated by this package)
- extended_country_name
The name of the country in the Gleditsch-Ward system of states, or the official name of the entity (for non-sovereign entities and states not in the Gleditsch and Ward system of states) or else a common name for disputed cases that do not have an official name (e.g., Western Sahara, Hyderabad). The Gleditsch and Ward scheme sometimes indicates the common name of the country and (in parentheses) the name of an earlier incarnation of the state: thus, they have Germany (Prussia), Russia (Soviet Union), Madagascar (Malagasy), etc. For details, see Gleditsch, Kristian S. & Michael D. Ward. 1999. "Interstate System Membership: A Revised List of the Independent States since 1816." International Interactions 25: 393-413. The list can be found at http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/statelist.html.
- GWn
Gleditsch and Ward's numeric country code, from the Gleditsch and Ward list of independent states.
- cown
The Correlates of War numeric country code, 2016 version. This differs from Gleditsch and Ward's numeric country code in a few cases. See http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/state-system-membership for the full list.
- in_GW_system
Whether the state is "in system" (that is, is independent and sovereign), according to Gleditsch and Ward, for this particular date. Matches at the end of the year; so, for example South Vietnam 1975 is
FALSEbecause, according to Gleditsch and Ward, the country ended on April 1975 (being absorbed by North Vietnam). It is alsoTRUEfor dates beyond 2012 for countries that did not end by then, depsite the fact that the Gleditsch and Ward list has not been updated since.
See also
download_fh and download_fh_electoral
Other democracy:
LIED,
PIPE,
REIGN,
anckar,
anrr,
arat_pmm,
blm,
bmr,
bnr,
bollen_pmm,
bti,
doorenspleet,
download_fh(),
download_fh_electoral(),
download_fh_full(),
download_wgi_voice_and_accountability(),
eiu,
extended_uds,
gwf_all,
hadenius_pmm,
kailitz,
magaloni,
mainwaring,
munck_pmm,
pacl,
pacl_update,
peps,
pitf,
polityIV,
polity_pmm,
polyarchy,
polyarchy_dimensions,
prc_gasiorowski,
svmdi,
svolik_regime,
uds_2014,
ulfelder,
utip,
vanhanen,
vaporeg,
vdem_simple,
wahman_teorell_hadenius
Other Freedom House:
download_fh(),
download_fh_electoral(),
download_fh_full()
Other PMM replication data:
arat_pmm,
blm,
bollen_pmm,
hadenius_pmm,
mainwaring,
munck_pmm,
pacl,
polity_pmm,
prc_gasiorowski
Other ordinal democracy indexes:
download_fh(),
download_fh_electoral(),
download_fh_full(),
polityIV,
polity_pmm