Given a set of country-years, find appropriate country codes, standardized country names, and determine state system membership
country_year_coder(
tbl,
country_col,
date_col,
code_col,
code_type = "cown",
to_system = c("GW", "polity", "cow"),
match_type = c("country and code", "code only"),
include_in_output = c("extended_country_name", "GWn", "cown", "in_GW_system"),
verbose = TRUE,
debug = FALSE,
match_final_year = FALSE
)A data frame with (at least) country and year columns.
The (unquoted) name of the country column. Defaults to
country. If missing, but code_col is given, the function defaults to
matching only on code and does not match on country names. This saves time,
but is not always possible and can introduce errors if the code column is
incorrect.
The (unquoted) name of the year column. Defaults to year.
Must exist in tbl - otherwise just use countrycode if you don't care
about country-year matching.
The (unquoted) name of the code column. Defaults to NULL.
Type of code to match on (only needed if code_col is not
NULL). Defaults to "cown". Can be any unambiguous substring of the
following:
"GWn": Numeric code for the country in the Gleditsch-Ward system of states (http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/statelist.html). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Correlates of War and Polity codes. See the vignette in this package for the differences.
"GWc": Three letter code for the country in the Gleditsch-Ward system of states (http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/statelist.html). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Correlates of War and Polity codes. See the vignette in this package for an overview of the differences between these systems.
"extended_GWn": Identical to GWn, but includes a number of not commonly
used codes for units of doubtful sovereignty (751 for Hyderabad before its
incorporation into India, 666.001 and 666.002 for Israel pre 1967 borders
amd occupied territories, and 605 for Western Sahara). These codes are used
in some UCDP/PRIO (https://www.prio.org/Data/Armed-Conflict/UCDP-PRIO/)
datasets.
"extended_GWc": Identical to GWc, but includes a number of not commonly
used codes for units of doubtful sovereignty (HYD for Hyderabad before its
incorporation into India, ISR.1 and ISR.2 for Israel pre 1967 borders amd
occupied territories, and SAH for Western Sahara). These codes are used in
some UCDP/PRIO (https://www.prio.org/Data/Armed-Conflict/UCDP-PRIO/)
datasets.
"cown": Numeric code for the country in the Correlates of War system of states (http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/cow-country-codes). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Gleditsch and Ward and Polity codes. See the vignette in this package for an overview of the differences between these systems.
"cowc": Three letter code for the country in the Correlates of War system of states (http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/cow-country-codes). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Gleditsch and Ward and Polity codes. See the vignette in this package for an overview of the differences between these systems.
"polity_ccode": Numeric code for the country in the Polity IV dataset (http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Gleditsch and Ward and COW codes. See the vignette in this package for the differences.
"polity_scode": Three letter code for the country in the Polity IV dataset (http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Gleditsch and Ward and COW codes. See the vignette in this package for an overview of the differences between these systems.
"eurostat": Eurostat 2-letter country code. Taken from countrycode.
"eu28": Whether the state is a member of the European Union (as of December 2015), without special territories. Taken from countrycode.
"fao": Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations numerical country code. Taken from countrycode.
"fips105": FIPS 10-5 (Federal Information Processing Standard) 2-letter country code. Taken from countrycode.
"icao": International Civil Aviation Organization 2-letter country code. Taken from countrycode.
"icao_region": International Civil Aviation Organization region code. Taken from countrycode.
"imf": International Monetary Fund numeric country code. Taken from countrycode.
"ioc": International Olympic Committee 3-letter country code. Taken from countrycode.
"iso2c": ISO-2 character. Taken from countrycode.
"iso3c": ISO-3 character. Taken from countrycode.
"iso2n": ISO-2 numeric. Taken from countrycode.
"iso3n": ISO-3 numeric. Taken from countrycode.
"un": United Nations numerical code. Taken from countrycode.
"wb": World Bank (very similar but not identical to iso3c). Taken from countrycode.
"wb_api2c": World Bank API 2 character code. Taken from countrycode.
"wb_api3c": World Bank API 3 character code. Taken from countrycode.
"wvs": World Values Survey numeric code. Taken from countrycode.
State system to match to. Default is Gledistsch and Ward.
How to match countries when provided with a code column; the possible options are "country and code" (looks at the country column as well as the code column, if the latter is supplied) or "code only" (matches only on the code column). The latter option should only be used if you are confident about the code column being accurate and not missing any codes, or if not country name column is present. Default is "country and code". Can be abbreviated (e.g., "country" is the same as "country and code")
Columns to include in output. Defaults to c("extended_country_name", "GWn", "cown", "in_GW_system"), but can be any character vector containing any combination of the column names in the internal database of country codes.
The possibilities are:
"GW_country_name": The name of the country in the Gleditsch-Ward system of states (http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/statelist.html) (Gleditsch and War 1999).
"extended_country_name": The name of the country in the Gleditsch-Ward system of states (http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/statelist.html) (Gleditsch and War 1999), of the official name of the entity (for non-sovereign entities and states not in the Gleditsch and Ward system of states) or else a common name for disputed cases that do not have an official name (e.g., Western Sahara, Hyderabad).
"cow_country_name": The name of the state in the Correlates of War state
system (2016 version). See
http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/cow-country-codes for details. Is
NA if the country is not in the COW system of states.
"polity_country_name": The name of the state in the official Polity
dataset. Is NA if the country is not in Polity.
"country_name_en": The official name of the country (official short English country name), as defined by the ISO organization. Taken from countrycode. See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1. Some names are missing because the state no longer exists or there is controversy about its sovereign status.
"GWn": Numeric code for the country in the Gleditsch-Ward system of states (http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/statelist.html) (Gleditsch and War 1999). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Correlates of War and Polity codes. See the vignette in this package for the differences.
"extended_GWn": Identical to GWn, but includes a number of not commonly
used codes for units of doubtful sovereignty (751 for Hyderabad before its
incorporation into India, 666.001 and 666.002 for Israel pre 1967 borders
amd occupied territories, and 605 for Western Sahara). These codes are used
in some UCDP/PRIO (https://www.prio.org/Data/Armed-Conflict/UCDP-PRIO/)
datasets.
"GWc": Three letter code for the country in the Gleditsch-Ward system of states (http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/statelist.html) (Gleditsch and War 1999). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Correlates of War and Polity codes. See the vignette in this package for an overview of the differences between these systems.
"extended_GWc": Identical to GWc, but includes a number of not commonly
used codes for units of doubtful sovereignty (HYD for Hyderabad before its
incorporation into India, 666.001 and 666.002 for Israel pre 1967 borders
amd occupied territories, and 605 for Western Sahara). These codes are used
in some UCDP/PRIO (https://www.prio.org/Data/Armed-Conflict/UCDP-PRIO/)
datasets.
"cown": Numeric code for the country in the Correlates of War system of states (http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/cow-country-codes), 2016 release. This is very similar, but not identical, to the Gleditsch and Ward and Polity codes. See the vignette in this package for an overview of the differences between these systems.
"cowc": Three letter code for the country in the Correlates of War system of states (http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/cow-country-codes), 2016 release. This is very similar, but not identical, to the Gleditsch and Ward and Polity codes. See the vignette in this package for an overview of the differences between these systems.
"polity_ccode": Numeric code for the country in the Polity IV dataset (http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Gleditsch and Ward and COW codes. See the vignette in this package for the differences.
"polity_scode": Three letter code for the country in the Polity IV dataset (http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm). This is very similar, but not identical, to the Gleditsch and Ward and COW codes. See the vignette in this package for an overview of the differences between these systems.
"regex": The regular expression used to match the country name. Useful for debugging.
"GW_startdate": The entry date of the state into the international system
(usually the date of independence, though there can be more than one if the
country entered or exited the state system at different times), according
to Gleditsch and Ward, or 1 January 1816, whichever is later. Is NA if
the country was never in the Gleditsch and Ward system of states.
"GW_enddate": The exit date of the state from the international system
(usually the date the state lost its independence, though there can be more
than one), according to Gleditsch and Ward, or NA if the country is still
in the international system as of the time the dataset was compiled. Is
NA if the country was never in the Gleditsch and Ward system of states.
"cow_startdate": The entry date of the state into the international
system (usually the date of independence, though there can be more than one
if the country entered or exited the state system at different times),
according to Correlates of War, or 1 January 1800, whichever is later. Is
always NA if the country was never in the Correlates of War system of
states.
"cow_enddate": The exit date of the state from the international system
(usually the date the state lost its independence, though there can be more
than one), according to the Correlates of War system, or NA if the
country is still in the international system as of the time the dataset was
compiled. Is always NA if the country was never in the Correlates of War
system of states.
"official_region": Regions as defined in the World Bank Development Indicators. Taken from countrycode.
"extended_region": The same as "official_region", except it adds region information for historical states. It assigns "Austria-Hungary" the (invented) region "Central Europe", since Hungary is assigned to Eastern Europe and Austria to Western Europe in the World Bank scheme.
"official_continent": Continents as defined in the World Bank Development Indicators. Taken from countrycode.
"extended_continent": The same as "official_continent", except it adds
continent information for historical states. Is NA only for Antarctica
and a number of isolated islands.
"lon": The rough longitude of the state, obtained by geocoding the official country name via ggmap::geocode (with some manual adjustments for historical states).
"lat": The rough latitude of the state, obtained by geocoding the official country name via ggmap::geocode (with some manual adjustments for historical states).
"microstate": Whether the state is a microstate, according to Gleditsch. His tentative list of microstates is available at http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/statelist.html.
"in_GW_system": Whether the state is "in system" (that is, is independent and sovereign), according to Gleditsch and Ward, for a particular date.
"in_cow_system": Whether the state is "in system" (that is, is independent and sovereign), according to the Correlates of War system, for a particular date.
"in_polity_system": Whether the state is "in system" (that is, is independent and sovereign), according to the Polity IV system, for a particular date.
ar5: IPCC's regional mapping used both in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and for the Reference Concentration Pathways (RCP). Taken from countrycode.
continent: Continent as defined in the World Bank Development Indicators. Taken from countrycode.
"eurocontrol_pru": European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation region. Taken from countrycode.
"eurocontrol_statfor": European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation region. Taken from countrycode.
"eurostat": Eurostat 2-letter country code. Taken from countrycode.
"eu28": Whether the state is a member of the European Union (as of December 2015), without special territories. Taken from countrycode.
"fao": Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations numerical country code. Taken from countrycode.
"fips105": FIPS 10-5 (Federal Information Processing Standard) 2-letter country code. Taken from countrycode.
"icao": International Civil Aviation Organization 2-letter country code. Taken from countrycode.
"icao_region": International Civil Aviation Organization region code. Taken from countrycode.
"imf": International Monetary Fund numeric country code. Taken from countrycode.
"ioc": International Olympic Committee 3-letter country code. Taken from countrycode.
"iso2c": ISO-2 character. Taken from countrycode.
"iso3c": ISO-3 character. Taken from countrycode.
"iso2n": ISO-2 numeric. Taken from countrycode.
"iso3n": ISO-3 numeric. Taken from countrycode.
"un": United Nations numerical code. Taken from countrycode.
"wb": World Bank (very similar but not identical to iso3c). Taken from countrycode.
"wb_api2c": World Bank API 2 character code. Taken from countrycode.
"wb_api3c": World Bank API 3 character code. Taken from countrycode.
"wvs": World Values Survey numeric code. Taken from countrycode.
"country_name_ar": country name (Arabic). Taken from countrycode.
"country_name_de": country name (German). Taken from countrycode.
"country_name_es": country name (Spanish). Taken from countrycode.
"country_name_fr": country name (French). Taken from countrycode.
"country_name_ru": country name (Russian). Taken from countrycode.
"country_name_zh": country name (Chinese). Taken from countrycode.
Prints information about countries matched multiple times,
name changes, and other problems encountered while processing the data.
Default is TRUE.
Returns additional columns useful for debugging. Default is
FALSE.
Whether to classify the final year of a country as
"in system". For example, if TRUE, the country-year pair "Republic of
Vietnam 1975" will appear as "in system" in 1975, though the country ended
in 1975; if FALSE it will appear as not in system, as the Republic of
Vietnam (South Vietnam) ceased to exist by the end of 1975. Use with care;
this may result in multiple matches. Default is FALSE.
a tidy data frame of country-years merged with information about the system of states (GWn, COW, or Polity IV), country codes, and standardized country names.
# \donttest{
library(dplyr)
#> Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.2.3
#>
#> Attaching package: 'dplyr'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
#>
#> filter, lag
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
#>
#> intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
bmr <- redownload_bmr(return_raw = TRUE)
#> Downloading BMR data...
#> Trying https://drive.google.com/u/0/uc?id=1P9fBqJejGktGLlRMSDgTkjyKMnVFcXac&export=download ...
#> Rows: 19775 Columns: 11
#> ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#> Delimiter: ","
#> chr (3): country, abbreviation, abbreviation_undp
#> dbl (8): ccode, year, democracy, democracy_trans, democracy_breakdowns, demo...
#>
#> ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
#> ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
#> The downloaded BMR dataset has 19775 rows
#> Returning raw data, without processing.
country_year_coder(bmr, country_col = country, date_col = year,
code_col = ccode, code_type = "polity_ccode")# }
#> The following different countries/country codes match to a single country unit in the destination system:
#>
#>
#> |country | ccode|extended_country_name | GWn| cown| min_date| max_date| n|
#> |:---------------------|-----:|:---------------------|---:|----:|--------:|--------:|--:|
#> |YUGOSLAVIA | 345|Yugoslavia | 345| 345| 1991| 1991| 1|
#> |YUGOSLAVIA, FED. REP. | 347|Yugoslavia | 345| 345| 1991| 1991| 1|
#> The following country names are different in the destination system:
#>
#>
#> |country | ccode|extended_country_name | GWn| cown| min_date| max_date| n|
#> |:--------------------------|-----:|:---------------------------------------|---:|----:|--------:|--------:|---:|
#> |ANTIGUA | 58|Antigua & Barbuda | 58| 58| 1982| 2020| 39|
#> |BELARUS | 370|Belarus (Byelorussia) | 370| 370| 1991| 2020| 30|
#> |BOSNIA | 346|Bosnia-Herzegovina | 346| 346| 1992| 2020| 29|
#> |BURKINA FASO | 439|Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) | 439| 439| 1960| 2020| 61|
#> |CAMBODIA | 811|Cambodia (Kampuchea) | 811| 811| 1949| 2020| 72|
#> |CENTRAL AFRICAN REP. | 482|Central African Republic | 482| 482| 1960| 2020| 61|
#> |CENTRAL AMERICAN UNION | 89|United Provinces of Central America | 89| NA| 1824| 1838| 15|
#> |CONGO, DEM. REP. | 490|Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire) | 490| 490| 1960| 2020| 61|
#> |CONGO, REP. | 484|Congo | 484| 484| 1960| 2020| 61|
#> |ETHIOPIA (INCL. ERIT) | 530|Ethiopia | 530| 530| 1952| 1992| 41|
#> |GERMANY | 255|German Federal Republic | 260| 255| 1945| 2020| 32|
#> |GERMANY | 255|Germany (Prussia) | 255| 255| 1800| 1944| 145|
#> |GERMANY, EAST | 265|German Democratic Republic | 265| 265| 1945| 1990| 46|
#> |GERMANY, WEST | 260|German Federal Republic | 260| 260| 1945| 1990| 46|
#> |IRAN | 630|Iran (Persia) | 630| 630| 1800| 2020| 221|
#> |ITALY | 325|Italy/Sardinia | 325| 325| 1861| 2020| 160|
#> |KOREA, NORTH | 731|Korea, People's Republic of | 731| 731| 1948| 2020| 73|
#> |KOREA, SOUTH | 732|Korea, Republic of | 732| 732| 1948| 2020| 73|
#> |KYRGYZSTAN | 703|Kyrgyz Republic | 703| 703| 1991| 2020| 30|
#> |LIECHSTENSTEIN | 223|Liechtenstein | 223| 223| 1991| 2020| 30|
#> |MACEDONIA | 343|Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of) | 343| 343| 1991| 2020| 30|
#> |MADAGASCAR | 580|Madagascar (Malagasy) | 580| 580| 1960| 2020| 61|
#> |MICRONESIA, FED. | 987|Federated States of Micronesia | 987| 987| 1992| 2020| 29|
#> |MYANMAR | 775|Myanmar (Burma) | 775| 775| 1948| 2020| 73|
#> |PAKISTAN (INCL. BANGLAD.) | 769|Pakistan | 770| 770| 1947| 1971| 25|
#> |RUSSIA | 365|Russia (Soviet Union) | 365| 365| 1800| 2020| 151|
#> |SAMOA (WESTERN) | 990|Samoa/Western Samoa | 990| 990| 1962| 2020| 59|
#> |SAO TOME & PRINCIPE | 403|Sao Tome and Principe | 403| 403| 1976| 2020| 45|
#> |SARDINIA | 324|Italy/Sardinia | 325| 325| 1815| 1860| 46|
#> |SICILY | 329|Sicily (Two Sicilies) | 329| 329| 1816| 1860| 45|
#> |SRI LANKA | 780|Sri Lanka (Ceylon) | 780| 780| 1948| 2020| 73|
#> |ST. KITTS & NEVIS | 60|Saint Kitts and Nevis | 60| 60| 1984| 2020| 37|
#> |ST. LUCIA | 56|Saint Lucia | 56| 56| 1979| 2020| 42|
#> |ST. VINCENT & GREN. | 57|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 57| 57| 1979| 2020| 42|
#> |SUDAN, NORTH | 624|Sudan | 625| 625| 2011| 2020| 10|
#> |SUDAN, SOUTH | 626|South Sudan | 626| 626| 2011| 2020| 10|
#> |SURINAME | 115|Surinam | 115| 115| 1975| 2020| 46|
#> |TANZANIA | 510|Tanzania/Tanganyika | 510| 510| 1961| 2020| 60|
#> |TRINIDAD & TOBAGO | 52|Trinidad and Tobago | 52| 52| 1962| 2020| 59|
#> |TURKEY | 640|Turkey (Ottoman Empire) | 640| 640| 1800| 2020| 221|
#> |USSR | 364|Russia (Soviet Union) | 365| 365| 1922| 1991| 70|
#> |VIETNAM | 818|Vietnam, Democratic Republic of | 816| 816| 1976| 2020| 45|
#> |VIETNAM, NORTH | 816|Vietnam, Democratic Republic of | 816| 816| 1954| 1975| 22|
#> |VIETNAM, SOUTH | 817|Vietnam, Republic of | 817| 817| 1955| 1975| 21|
#> |YEMEN | 679|Yemen (Arab Republic of Yemen) | 678| 679| 1990| 2020| 31|
#> |YEMEN, NORTH | 678|Yemen (Arab Republic of Yemen) | 678| 678| 1918| 1989| 72|
#> |YEMEN, SOUTH | 680|Yemen, People's Republic of | 680| 680| 1967| 1989| 23|
#> |YUGOSLAVIA, FED. REP. | 347|Yugoslavia | 345| 345| 1991| 2006| 16|
#> |ZIMBABWE | 552|Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) | 552| 552| 1923| 2020| 98|
#> # A tibble: 19,775 × 15
#> country ccode abbreviation abbreviation_undp year democracy democracy_trans
#> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1800 1 0
#> 2 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1801 1 0
#> 3 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1802 1 0
#> 4 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1803 1 0
#> 5 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1804 1 0
#> 6 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1805 1 0
#> 7 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1806 1 0
#> 8 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1807 1 0
#> 9 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1808 1 0
#> 10 UNITED … 2 USA USA 1809 1 0
#> # ℹ 19,765 more rows
#> # ℹ 8 more variables: democracy_breakdowns <dbl>, democracy_duration <dbl>,
#> # democracy_omitteddata <dbl>, democracy_femalesuffrage <dbl>,
#> # extended_country_name <chr>, GWn <dbl>, cown <dbl>, in_GW_system <lgl>